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Number

Singular and plural forms of nouns.

Number

What is Number?

Number shows whether a noun refers to one person, thing, place, or more than one. It is the grammatical category that distinguishes between singular and plural.

1. Singular Number

Refers to only one person, animal, place, or thing.

BoyGirlPenBookCatTeacherApple

2. Plural Number

Refers to more than one person, animal, place, or thing.

BoysGirlsPensBooksCatsTeachersApples

Important Notes

01

Singular nouns usually take singular verbs.

02

Plural nouns usually take plural verbs.

03

Most plural nouns are formed by adding 's'.

Rules for Changing Singular to Plural

1. Add 's' to form plural

Most English nouns simply add 's' to become plural.

SingularPlural
BoyBoys
GirlGirls
PenPens
BookBooks
RatRats
TableTables
ChairChairs

2. Add 'es' after s, sh, ch, x, z

If a noun ends in these sounds, add 'es' to make it easier to pronounce.

SingularPlural
BusBuses
BoxBoxes
FoxFoxes
BenchBenches
BushBushes
LossLosses
WatchWatches

3. Change 'f' or 'fe' into 'ves'

Many nouns ending in 'f' or 'fe' drop that ending and add 'ves'.

SingularPlural
LeafLeaves
KnifeKnives
LifeLives
HalfHalves
CalfCalves
SelfSelves
WifeWives

4. Change internal vowel

Some nouns change their inside vowel to become plural. These are irregular.

SingularPlural
ManMen
WomanWomen
FootFeet
ToothTeeth
GooseGeese
MouseMice
LouseLice

Same Singular and Plural

SingularPlural
DeerDeer
SheepSheep
FishFish
SpeciesSpecies
SeriesSeries

Different Meanings in Plural

Singular (Meaning)Plural (Meaning)
Arm
Body part
Arms
Weapons
Color
Hue
Colors
Flag
Custom
Habit
Customs
Tax/Duty
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